Diethylene glycol

Diethylene glycol

Diethylene glycol (DEG) is an organic compound with the formula (HOCH2CH2)2O. It is a colorless, practically odorless, poisonous, and hygroscopic liquid with a sweetish taste. It is miscible in water, alcohol, ether, acetone, and ethylene glycol. DEG is used as a solvent, as a low-volatility hydraulic fluid, and as a plasticizer. It is also used in the manufacture of polyurethane and polyester resins, in antifreeze formulations, and as a humectant in the tobacco industry.

Production

Diethylene glycol is produced by the partial hydrolysis of ethylene oxide. Depending on the conditions, varying amounts of DEG and related glycols are produced. The resulting product is separated by distillation.

Uses

DEG is used in a variety of applications due to its properties as a solvent, humectant, and plasticizer. It is found in products such as brake fluid, paints, detergents, cosmetics, and cement. In the field of gas treatment, diethylene glycol is used to remove water vapor from natural gas. It has also been used historically as a antifreeze agent, although its use has declined due to the toxic effects upon accidental ingestion.

Safety and Toxicity

Diethylene glycol is moderately toxic to humans and animals when ingested, with a lethal dose significantly lower than that of its relative, ethylene glycol. Symptoms of DEG poisoning include renal failure, central nervous system depression, and lactic acidosis. There have been several incidents of mass poisoning due to the accidental contamination of medicines and food products with DEG. It is important for manufacturers to ensure the purity of their products to prevent such incidents.

Environmental Impact

The environmental impact of diethylene glycol is associated with its toxicity to aquatic life. It is moderately biodegradable, but its breakdown products can still be harmful to organisms. Proper disposal and treatment of waste containing DEG are necessary to minimize its environmental footprint.