Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid

Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) is a 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that belongs to the omega-6 fatty acids family. It is derived from gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) through the action of the enzyme delta-5-desaturase. DGLA plays a crucial role in the production of eicosanoids, which are signaling molecules that have diverse functions in the body's cardiovascular, pulmonary, immune, and endocrine systems.

Structure and Properties

DGLA is a carboxylic acid with a 20-carbon chain and three cis double bonds; the first double bond is located at the sixth carbon from the omega end. Its chemical formula is C20H34O2. Like other PUFAs, DGLA is a flexible molecule due to the presence of multiple double bonds in the cis configuration.

Biological Role

DGLA is a precursor to a variety of eicosanoids, including prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. These eicosanoids are part of the body's inflammatory response. However, DGLA-derived eicosanoids are generally less inflammatory than those derived from arachidonic acid, another omega-6 fatty acid. This has led to interest in DGLA as a potential therapeutic agent in conditions characterized by chronic inflammation.

Dietary Sources and Supplementation

DGLA is not typically found in high amounts in the diet. However, it can be synthesized in the body from linoleic acid, which is abundant in many vegetable oils. Supplementation with GLA, found in borage oil and evening primrose oil, can also increase DGLA levels in the body.

Health Implications

Research suggests that DGLA may have potential health benefits, particularly in relation to inflammatory conditions. Some studies have found that DGLA supplementation can reduce symptoms in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and eczema. However, more research is needed to fully understand the potential therapeutic uses of DGLA.