Dihydromorphine

Dihydromorphine is a semi-synthetic opioid used in the treatment of severe pain. It is a derivative of morphine and is sometimes referred to by its brand names, such as Dilaudid and Palladone.

Chemistry

Dihydromorphine is a hydrogenated ketone of morphine. It is structurally very similar to morphine, differing only in the addition of two hydrogen atoms. This small change in structure results in a significant difference in the drug's potency and side effect profile.

Pharmacology

Dihydromorphine acts on the mu-opioid receptor, producing analgesic effects. It is approximately 7.5 times more potent than morphine. The drug is metabolized in the liver and excreted by the kidneys. The half-life of dihydromorphine is approximately 4 hours.

Medical Uses

Dihydromorphine is used for the relief of severe pain, such as that experienced by patients with terminal cancer. It is also used in the management of severe chronic pain conditions. The drug is available in both immediate-release and extended-release formulations.

Side Effects

Common side effects of dihydromorphine include nausea, vomiting, constipation, and drowsiness. More serious side effects can include respiratory depression, low blood pressure, and addiction.

Addiction and Dependence

Like other opioids, dihydromorphine has a high potential for addiction and dependence. Long-term use can lead to physical dependence and withdrawal symptoms upon cessation. These can include restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, and diarrhea.

See Also

• Opioid
• Morphine
• Pain management

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