Dill

20141003Anethum graveolens

Dill1 (cropped)

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Starr-090801-3500-Anethum graveolens-seedhead-Olinda-Maui (24603259659)

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DillEssOil

Anethum graveolens 001

Dill (Anethum graveolens) is an annual herb in the celery family Apiaceae. It is the only species in the genus Anethum. Dill is widely grown in Eurasia where its leaves and seeds are used as a herb or spice for flavouring food.

Description

Dill grows up to 40–60 cm (16–24 in), with slender hollow stems and alternate, finely divided, softly delicate leaves 10–20 cm (4–8 in) long. The ultimate leaf divisions are 1–2 mm broad, slightly broader than the similar leaves of fennel, which are threadlike, less than 1 mm broad, but harder in texture. The flowers are white to yellow, in small umbels 2–9 cm (0.8–3.5 in) diameter. The seeds are 4–5 mm long and 1 mm thick, and straight to slightly curved with a longitudinally ridged surface.

Cultivation

Dill is widely cultivated, both in its native range and in other parts of the world. It prefers a well-drained, open site with full sun. It can, however, tolerate partial shade. The soil should be rich and fertile for optimal growth. Dill seeds are sown directly in the ground in spring or autumn. In milder climates, dill grows perennially, but in most regions, it is treated as an annual.

Culinary Uses

Dill leaves, known as dill weed, are used fresh or dried as an herb, to flavor salads, soups, meat dishes, and particularly pickles. Dill seed is used as a spice, with a flavor somewhat similar to caraway, but also resembling that of fresh or dried dill weed. Dill oil is also extracted from the leaves, stems, and seeds of the plant.

Medicinal Uses

Traditionally, dill has been used for its medicinal properties. It is believed to have calming, antispasmodic properties that can help with digestive problems. Dill water, made from the seeds, has been used as a traditional remedy to soothe colicky babies.

In Culture

Dill is known in many cultures for its symbolic significance. In ancient Rome, dill was considered a symbol of vitality, while in ancient Greece, it was a symbol of wealth. In the Middle Ages, dill was used by magicians in their spells and charms against witchcraft.

Conservation

While dill is not currently listed as a species at risk, its natural habitats are increasingly threatened by agricultural expansion and habitat destruction. Conservation efforts are important to ensure that this valuable herb continues to thrive in the wild.