Dynamic hyperinflation

Dynamic hyperinflation is a physiological phenomenon that occurs when air becomes trapped in the lungs during rapid or deep breathing, leading to an increase in lung volume above the normal resting level. This condition is commonly observed in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other respiratory disorders.

Pathophysiology

Dynamic hyperinflation occurs due to the inability of the lungs to fully exhale before the next breath begins. This incomplete exhalation results in air trapping and an increase in the end-expiratory lung volume (EELV). The primary factors contributing to dynamic hyperinflation include:

• Increased airway resistance
• Reduced lung elastic recoil
• High respiratory rates

These factors lead to a progressive increase in lung volume, which can cause significant discomfort and exacerbate symptoms of breathlessness.

Clinical Significance

Dynamic hyperinflation has several important clinical implications:

• It can lead to increased work of breathing and respiratory muscle fatigue.
• It may cause dyspnea, or shortness of breath, which can limit physical activity and reduce quality of life.
• It can contribute to the development of pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure.

Diagnosis

Dynamic hyperinflation is typically diagnosed through a combination of clinical assessment and diagnostic tests. These may include:

• Spirometry to measure lung function
• Body plethysmography to assess lung volumes
• Imaging studies such as chest X-rays or CT scans

Management

The management of dynamic hyperinflation involves several strategies aimed at reducing air trapping and improving lung function. These may include:

• Bronchodilators to reduce airway resistance
• Corticosteroids to decrease inflammation
• Pulmonary rehabilitation to improve exercise tolerance
• Non-invasive ventilation to support breathing

Related Pages

• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Dyspnea
• Pulmonary hypertension
• Spirometry
• Body plethysmography
• Bronchodilator
• Corticosteroid
• Pulmonary rehabilitation
• Non-invasive ventilation

See Also

• Respiratory system
• Lung volumes
• Airway resistance
• Elastic recoil