EF-G
EF-G (elongation factor G) is a protein that plays a crucial role in the elongation phase of protein synthesis. It is found in all bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. EF-G is responsible for the translocation of the tRNA and mRNA down the ribosome at the end of each round of peptide bond formation.
Structure[edit | edit source]
EF-G is a large protein, composed of five domains. The first three domains (G, II, and III) are similar in structure to the GTPase domain and the two GTP binding domains of EF-Tu. Domains IV and V are unique to EF-G and are responsible for its specific functions in translocation.
Function[edit | edit source]
EF-G's primary role is in the translocation of tRNA and mRNA down the ribosome. This occurs after the formation of a peptide bond in the peptidyl transferase center of the ribosome. EF-G, bound to GTP, binds to the ribosome, causing a conformational change that allows for the movement of the tRNA and mRNA. The GTP is then hydrolyzed and EF-G is released.
EF-G also plays a role in the process of ribosome recycling, the disassembly of the 70S ribosome into its 50S and 30S subunits at the end of translation.
Inhibition[edit | edit source]
Several antibiotics inhibit the function of EF-G. These include fusidic acid, which prevents the release of EF-G from the ribosome after GTP hydrolysis, and the aminoglycosides, which appear to inhibit the binding of EF-G to the ribosome.
See also[edit | edit source]
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