EPHA3

EPHA3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPHA3 gene. It belongs to the Eph receptor family, which is a subset of the larger receptor tyrosine kinase family. These receptors are involved in numerous developmental processes, particularly in the nervous system, and play roles in cell signaling, cell adhesion, and cell migration.

Function

EPHA3 is a member of the Eph receptor family, which is known for its roles in cell communication during developmental processes. The interaction between Eph receptors and their ephrin ligands leads to the activation of signal transduction pathways that are critical for cell positioning, shape, and movement. Specifically, EPHA3 has been implicated in the guidance of neuronal migration and axon guidance, as well as in the development of various tissues outside the nervous system.

Gene

The EPHA3 gene is located on human chromosome 3 (3q11.2), and like other members of the Eph receptor family, it encodes for a protein that includes a ligand-binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and a tyrosine kinase domain. The gene undergoes alternative splicing, resulting in multiple isoforms of the EPHA3 protein, which may have different functions or be expressed in different tissues.

Clinical Significance

Alterations in the expression or function of EPHA3 have been associated with several types of cancer, including lung cancer, breast cancer, and leukemia. EPHA3 acts as a tumor suppressor in some contexts, while in others, it may promote tumor growth and metastasis. This dual role makes it a potential target for cancer therapy, with research focusing on both inhibiting and activating EPHA3 in different types of cancer.

Research

Research on EPHA3 has explored its potential as a therapeutic target in cancer. Studies have investigated the use of antibodies that specifically target EPHA3 to inhibit tumor growth or to deliver cytotoxic agents directly to cancer cells. Additionally, understanding the signaling pathways mediated by EPHA3 and its interactions with ephrins may reveal new strategies for modulating the tumor microenvironment and inhibiting cancer progression.