Echinostoma revolutum

Echinostoma revolutum is a parasitic trematode that belongs to the Echinostomatidae family. It is known for its distinctive collar of spines that encircles the anterior end of the worm. This species is widely distributed globally, particularly in regions where raw or undercooked freshwater molluscs, a common intermediate host, are consumed.

Life Cycle

The life cycle of Echinostoma revolutum involves multiple hosts. The adult worms reside in the small intestine of the definitive host, where they lay eggs that are passed in the host's feces. These eggs hatch in water, releasing miracidia, which infect a suitable snail intermediate host. Within the snail, the miracidia develop into sporocysts, then rediae, and finally cercariae. The cercariae leave the snail and encyst as metacercariae in a second intermediate host, typically a freshwater mollusc or sometimes a fish. When the definitive host consumes the infected second intermediate host, the metacercariae excyst in the intestine, mature into adults, and the life cycle begins anew.

Pathology and Symptoms

Infection with Echinostoma revolutum, known as echinostomiasis, can cause a range of symptoms in the definitive host. These may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and malnutrition. In severe cases, the infection can lead to anemia and weight loss. The severity of symptoms is typically related to the number of worms present in the host.

Prevention and Control

Prevention of Echinostoma revolutum infection primarily involves avoiding consumption of raw or undercooked freshwater molluscs and fish. In endemic areas, control measures may include snail population control and health education to raise awareness of the risks associated with consuming raw or undercooked freshwater molluscs and fish.

See Also

• Echinostomatidae
• Echinostomiasis
• Trematode