Eggplant parmesan

Eggplant Parmesan (also known as aubergine Parmesan, eggplant Parmigiana, or simply Parmigiana) is a classic Italian dish made with eggplant slices, layered with cheese and tomato sauce, then baked. The dish is a staple of Southern Italian cooking, particularly in the regions of Campania, Sicily, and Calabria, though it has gained popularity and variations around the world.

History

The origins of Eggplant Parmesan are debated, but it is widely believed to have first been prepared in Southern Italy. The name "Parmigiana" does not necessarily relate to Parma, a city in Northern Italy, but rather to the Sicilian and Southern Italian word "palmigiana" or "pamijana", which refers to the slats of wood that compose a window shutter and resembles the layered structure of the dish. The addition of Parmesan cheese to the recipe, however, may have contributed to the confusion regarding its geographical origins.

Ingredients

The primary ingredients of Eggplant Parmesan include:

• Eggplants, sliced and often fried or baked
• Tomato sauce, typically a simple sauce made with tomatoes, garlic, and herbs
• Cheese, usually a combination of mozzarella and Parmesan cheese, though variations may include other types of cheese such as pecorino
• Basil leaves for garnish and flavor
• Olive oil for frying or baking the eggplant slices

Preparation

The preparation of Eggplant Parmesan involves several steps:

1. The eggplant slices are salted to remove bitterness and excess moisture.
2. The slices are then coated in flour (optional), dipped in beaten egg, and covered in breadcrumbs (for a fried version) or simply brushed with olive oil (for a baked version).
3. The prepared slices are fried or baked until golden brown.
4. In a baking dish, layers of fried or baked eggplant slices are alternated with tomato sauce and a mixture of mozzarella and Parmesan cheeses.
5. The dish is baked in an oven until the cheese is bubbly and golden.

Variations

While the traditional Eggplant Parmesan is beloved, many variations exist, including:

• Using grilled eggplant slices instead of fried for a lighter version
• Adding layers of spinach or zucchini for additional vegetables
• Incorporating meat such as ground beef or prosciutto for a non-vegetarian version

Cultural Significance

Eggplant Parmesan is more than just a meal; it is a symbol of Italian home cooking and comfort food. It is often served at family gatherings and special occasions, showcasing the simplicity and richness of Italian cuisine.

See Also

• Italian cuisine
• Parmesan cheese
• Tomato sauce
• Mozzarella