Herbs

Herbs and spices are products from plants that add unique taste, smell, texture or other desired quality to food.

Herbs and spices

Glossary of herbs and spices

Use these herbs and spices to season your food instead of salt.  

• Garlic Powder meats, poultry, fish, vegetables, salads, soups, and stews.

• Ginger Used in soups, salads, vegetables, and meats.

• Lemongrass Used in soups, stews, meats, poultry, seafood, and sauces.

• Marjoram Used in soups, salads, vegetables, beef, fish, and poultry.

• Nutmeg Used in vegetables and meats.

• Onion Powder Also called green onion, Used in meats, poultry, seafood, soups, and salads.

• Oregano Used in soups, salads, vegetables, meats, and poultry.

• Paprika Used in meats, fish, poultry, and vegetables.

• Parsley Used in salads, vegetables, fish, and meats.

• Rosemary Used in salads, vegetables, fish, and meats.

• Saffron Used in breads, snacks, soups, stews, poultry, seafood, sauces, and rice.

Herbal plants

• Sage Used in soups, salads, vegetables, meats, and poultry.

• Tamarind Used in soups, poultry, sauces, and rice.

• Thyme Used in salads, vegetables, fish, and poultry.

• Vinegar Used in soups, salads, vegetables, meats, and poultry.

• Allspice Used in meats, fish, poultry, soups, stews, and desserts.

• Anise Used in breads, snacks, soups, stews, vegetables, meats, and poultry.

• Annatto Seeds Used in vegetables, meats, poultry, and rice.

• Bay Leaf Used in soups, stews, meats, poultry, seafood, and sauces.

• Basil Used in soups, salads, vegetables, fish, and meats.

• Cayenne Pepper Used in meats, poultry, stews, and sauces.

• Celery Seed Used in fish, salads, dressings, and vegetables.

• Chili Powder Used in meats, poultry, vegetable, fish and stews.

• Cilantro Used in meats, sauces, stews, and rice.

• Cinnamon Used in salads, vegetables, breads, and snacks.

• Clove Used in soups, salads, and vegetables.

• Cumin Used in meats and poultry.

• Curry Powder Used in meats, shellfish, and vegetables.

• Dill Seed Used in fish, soups, salads, and vegetables.

• Garlic Used in soups, stews, salads, vegetables, meats, poultry, seafood, and sauces.

Unsorted list of culinary herbs and spices

• Ajwain, carom seeds - (Trachyspermum ammi) - (Pakistan, South Asia, India, Afghanistan, Iran, Egypt, Eritrea & Ethiopia)

• Akudjura - (Solanum centrale) - (Australia)

• Alexanders - (Smyrnium olusatrum)

• Alkanet - (Alkanna tinctoria), for red color

• Alligator pepper, mbongo spice - (mbongochobi), hepper pepper - (Aframomum danielli, A. citratum, A. exscapum) - (West Africa)

• Allspice - (Pimenta dioica)

• Angelica - (Angelica archangelica)

• Anise - (Pimpinella anisum)

• Aniseed myrtle - (Syzygium anisatum) - (Australia)

• Annatto - (Bixa orellana)

• Artemisia - (Artemisia spp.)

• Asafoetida - (Ferula assafoetida)

• Avens - (Geum urbanum)

• Avocado leaf - (Persea americana)

• Barberry - (Berberis vulgaris and other Berberis spp.)

• Basil, Holy - (Ocimum tenuiflorum)

• Basil, Thai - (O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora)

• Basil, lemon - (Ocimum × citriodorum)

• Basil, sweet - (Ocimum basilicum)

• Bay leaf - (Laurus nobilis)

• Blue fenugreek, blue melilot - (Trigonella caerulea)

• Boldo - (Peumus boldus)

• Borage - (Borago officinalis)

• California bay laurel - (Umbellularia californica)

• Cao guo, Chinese black cardamom - (Lanxangia tsaoko) - (China)

• Caper - (Capparis spinosa)

• Caraway - (Carum carvi)

• Cardamom - (Elettaria cardamomum)

• Cardamom, black; badi ilaichi - (Amomum subulatum, Amomum costatum) - (India, Pakistan)

• Cassia - (Cinnamomum aromaticum)

• Catnip - (Nepeta cataria)

• Cayenne pepper - (Capsicum annuum)

• Celery leaf - (Apium graveolens)

• Celery seed - (Apium graveolens)

• Chervil - (Anthriscus cerefolium)

• Chicory - (Cichorium intybus)

• Chili pepper - (Capsicum spp.)

• Chives - (Allium schoenoprasum)

• Cicely, sweet cicely - (Myrrhis odorata)

• Cilantro, coriander greens, coriander herb, Chinese parsley - (Coriandrum sativum)

• Cinnamon myrtle - (Backhousia myrtifolia) - (Australia)

• Cinnamon, Indonesian - (Cinnamomum burmannii, Cassia vera)

• Cinnamon, Saigon or Vietnamese - (Cinnamomum loureiroi)

• Cinnamon, true or Ceylon - (Cinnamomum verum, C. zeylanicum)

• Cinnamon, white - (Canella winterana)

• Clary, Clary sage - (Salvia sclarea)

• Clove - (Syzygium aromaticum)

• Coriander seed - (Coriandrum sativum)

• Coriander, Vietnamese - (Persicaria odorata)

• Costmary - (Tanacetum balsamita)

• Cubeb pepper - (Piper cubeba)

• Cudweed - (Gnaphalium spp.) - (Vietnam)

• Culantro, culangot, long coriander, recao - (Eryngium foetidum)

• Cumin - (Cuminum cyminum)

• Curry leaf - (Murraya koenigii)

• Curry plant - (Helichrysum italicum)

• Deulkkae - (Perilla frutescens seeds)

• Dill herb or weed - (Anethum graveolens)

• Dill seed - (Anethum graveolens)

• Elderflower - (Sambucus spp.)

• Epazote - (Dysphania ambrosioides)

• Fennel - (Foeniculum vulgare)

• Fenugreek - (Trigonella foenum-graecum)

• Filé powder, gumbo filé - (Sassafras albidum)

• Fingerroot, temu kuntji, krachai, k'cheay - (Boesenbergia rotunda) - (Java, Thailand, Cambodia)

• Galangal, greater - (Alpinia galanga)

• Galangal, lesser - (Alpinia officinarum)

• Galingale - (Cyperus spp.)

• Garlic - (Allium sativum)

• Garlic chives - (Allium tuberosum)

• Ginger - (Zingiber officinale)

• Ginger, torch, bunga siantan - (Etlingera elatior) - (Indonesia)

• Golpar, Persian hogweed - (Heracleum persicum) - (Iran)

• Grains of Selim, Kani pepper - (Xylopia aethiopica)

• Grains of paradise - (Aframomum melegueta)

• Hoja santa, hierba santa, acuyo - (Piper auritum) - (Mexico)

• Horseradish - (Armoracia rusticana)

• Houttuynia cordata - (Vietnam)

• Huacatay, Mexican marigold, mint marigold - (Tagetes minuta)

• Hyssop - (Hyssopus officinalis)

• Indian Bay leaf, tejpat, malabathrum - (Cinnamomum tamala)

• Indonesian bay leaf, daun salam - (Syzygium polyanthum)

• Jakhya - (Cleome Viscose)

• Jalapeño - (Capsicum annuum cultivar)

• Jasmine flowers - (Jasminum spp.)

• Jiaogulan - (Gynostemma pentaphyllum)

• Jimbu - (Allium hypsistum) - (Nepal)

• Juniper berry - (Juniperus communis)

• Kaffir lime leaves, Makrud lime leaves - (Citrus hystrix) - (Southeast Asia)

• Kala zeera - (or kala jira), black cumin - (Bunium persicum) - (South Asia)

• Kawakawa seeds - (Macropiper excelsum) - (New Zealand)

• Keluak, kluwak, kepayang - (Pangium edule)

• Kencur, galangal, kentjur - (Kaempferia galanga) - (Java, Bali)

• Kinh gioi, Vietnamese balm - (Elsholtzia ciliata)

• Kkaennip - (Perilla frutescens leaves)

• Kokam seed - (Garcinia indica) - (Indian confectionery)

• Korarima, Ethiopian cardamom, false cardamom - (Aframomum corrorima) - (Eritrea)

• Koseret leaves - (Lippia abyssinica) - (Ethiopia)

• Kudum Puli - (Garcinia gummi-gutta)

• Lavender - (Lavandula spp.)

• Lemon balm - (Melissa officinalis)

• Lemon ironbark - (Eucalyptus staigeriana) - (Australia)

• Lemon myrtle - (Backhousia citriodora) - (Australia)

• Lemon verbena - (Lippia citriodora)

• Lemongrass - (Cymbopogon citratus, C. flexuosus, and other Cymbopogon spp.)

• Leptotes bicolor - (Paraguay and southern Brazil)

• Lesser calamint - (Calamintha nepeta), nipitella, nepitella - (Italy)

• Licorice, liquorice - (Glycyrrhiza glabra)

• Lime flower, linden flower - (Tilia spp.)

• Locust beans - (Ceratonia siliqua)

• Lovage - (Levisticum officinale)

• Mace - (Myristica fragrans)

• Mahleb, mahalepi, St. Lucie cherry - (Prunus mahaleb)

• Marjoram - (Origanum majorana)

• Mastic - (Pistacia lentiscus)

• Mint - (Mentha spp.), 25 species, hundreds of varieties

• Mountain horopito - (Pseudowintera colorata), 'pepper-plant' - (New Zealand)

• Musk mallow, abelmosk - (Abelmoschus moschatus)

• Mustard, black, mustard plant, mustard seed - (Brassica nigra)

• Mustard, brown, mustard plant, mustard seed - (Brassica juncea)

• Mustard, white, mustard plant, mustard seed - (Sinapis alba)

• Mustard, yellow - (Brassica hirta = Sinapis alba)

• New Mexico chile - (Capsicum annuum 'New Mexico Group', also known as Hatch or Anaheim) which includes Big Jim, Chimayó, and Sandia, and other pepper cultivars.

• Nigella, black caraway, black cumin, black onion seed, kalonji - (Nigella sativa)

• Njangsa, djansang - (Ricinodendron heudelotii) - (West Africa)

• Nutmeg - (Myristica fragrans)

• Olida - (Eucalyptus olida) - (Australia)

• Oregano - (Origanum vulgare, O. heracleoticum, and other species)

• Oregano, Cuban - (Coleus amboinicus)

• Oregano, Mexican - (Lippia graveolens)

• Orris root - (Iris germanica, I. florentina, I. pallida)

• Pandan flower, kewra - (Pandanus odoratissimus)

• Pandan leaf, screwpine - (Pandanus amaryllifolius)

• Paprika - (Capsicum annuum)

• Paracress - (Acmella oleracea) - (Brazil)

• Parsley - (Petroselinum crispum)

• Pennyroyal - (Mentha pulegium)

• Pepper, Brazilian, or pink pepper - (Schinus terebinthifolius)

• Pepper, Dorrigo - (Tasmannia stipitata) - (Australia)

• Pepper, black, white, and green - (Piper nigrum)

• Pepper, long - (Piper longum)

• Pepper, mountain, Cornish pepper leaf - (Tasmannia lanceolata)

• Peppermint - (Mentha piperata)

• Peppermint gum leaf - (Eucalyptus dives)

• Perilla - (Mentha pulegium)

• Peruvian pepper - (Schinus molle)

• Pipicha, straight-leaf pápalo - (Porophyllum linaria) - (Mexico)

• Poppy seed - (Papaver somniferum)

• Pápalo - (Porophyllum ruderale) - (Mexico and South America)

• Quassia - (Quassia amara), bitter spice in aperitifs and some beers and fortified wines

• Red rice powder - (Monascus purpureus) - (China)

• Rice paddy herb - (Limnophila aromatica) - (Vietnam)

• Rosemary - (Rosmarinus officinalis)

• Rue - (Ruta graveolens)

• Safflower - (Carthamus tinctorius), only for yellow color

• Saffron - (Crocus sativus)

• Sage - (Salvia officinalis)

• Salad burnet - (Sanguisorba minor)

• Salep - (Orchis mascula)

• Sassafras - (Sassafras albidum)

• Savory, summer - (Satureja hortensis)

• Savory, winter - (Satureja montana)

• Sesame Seed, Black Sesame Seed

• Shiso - (Perilla frutescens var. crispa leaves)

• Shiso - (Perilla frutescens)

• Silphium, silphion, laser, laserpicium, sorado - (Ancient Roman cuisine, Ancient Greek cuisine)

• Sorrel - (Rumex acetosa)

• Sorrel, sheep - (Rumex acetosella)

• Spearmint - (Mentha spicata)

• Spikenard - (Nardostachys grandiflora or N. jatamansi)

• Star anise - (Illicium verum)

• Sumac - (Rhus coriaria)

• Sweet woodruff - (Galium odoratum)

• Szechuan pepper, Sichuan pepper - (Zanthoxylum piperitum)

• Tarragon - (Artemisia dracunculus)

• Tasmanian pepper - (Tasmannia lanceolata))

• Thyme - (Thymus vulgaris)

• Thyme, lemon - (Thymus citriodorus)

• Tonka beans - (Dipteryx odorata)

• Turmeric - (Curcuma longa)

• Vanilla - (Vanilla planifolia)

• Voatsiperifery - (Piper borbonense) Madagascar

• Wasabi - (Wasabia japonica)

• Water-pepper, smartweed - (Polygonum hydropiper)

• Watercress - (Rorippa nasturtium-aquatica)

• Wattleseed - (from about 120 spp. of Australian Acacia)

• Wild thyme - (Thymus serpyllum)

• Willow herb - (Epilobium parviflorum)

• Wintergreen - (Gaultheria procumbens)

• Wood avens, herb bennet - (Geum urbanum)

• Woodruff - (Galium odoratum)

• Wormwood, absinthe - (Artemisia absinthium)

• Yarrow - (Achillea millefolium)

• Yerba buena, any of four different species, many unrelated

• Za'atar - (herbs from the genera Origanum, Calamintha, Thymus, and Satureja)

• Zedoary - (Curcuma zedoaria)

Also see

• Spices
• Herbal medicine
• Supplements

External links

• Florida herbs

Portions of content adapted from Wikipedia's article on Herbs which is released under the CC BY-SA 3.0.