Elaeophora schneideri

Elaeophora schneideri

Elaeophora schneideri

Elaeophora schneideri is a parasitic nematode that primarily infects the arteries of ungulates, including deer, elk, and moose. It belongs to the family Onchocercidae and is commonly known as the "arterial worm." This species was first described by Schneider in 1866, hence its specific name.

Morphology

The adult Elaeophora schneideri is a slender, thread-like worm that measures approximately 10 to 20 centimeters in length. It has a characteristic coiled appearance and is usually found within the arterial walls of its host. The males are smaller than the females and have a curved tail, while the females have a straight tail. The worms have a smooth cuticle and lack any external ornamentation.

Life Cycle

The life cycle of Elaeophora schneideri involves an intermediate host, which is typically a horsefly or deerfly. The adult worms residing in the arteries of the ungulate host produce microfilariae, which are released into the bloodstream. When an infected fly feeds on the blood of the ungulate, it ingests these microfilariae. Inside the fly, the microfilariae develop into infective larvae, which migrate to the fly's mouthparts. The larvae are then transmitted to a new ungulate host when the fly feeds again.

Pathology

Elaeophora schneideri can cause significant damage to the arterial walls of its host. The presence of the worms can lead to the formation of blood clots, aneurysms, and blockages, which can result in reduced blood flow and tissue damage. In severe cases, this can lead to organ failure and even death. Infected animals may exhibit symptoms such as lethargy, weight loss, and difficulty breathing.

Treatment and Prevention

There is currently no specific treatment available for Elaeophora schneideri infection. However, efforts can be made to prevent the spread of the parasite. This includes controlling the population of horseflies and deerflies, which serve as intermediate hosts. Additionally, regular veterinary check-ups and monitoring of ungulate populations can help identify and manage infected individuals.

See Also

• Parasitic Nematodes
• Ungulates
• Arterial Diseases