Electric arc
An electric arc is a visible plasma discharge between two electrodes that is caused by electrical current ionizing gases in the air.
Introduction[edit | edit source]
An electric arc is a continuous discharge of electricity through a gas, which produces light and heat. It occurs when a current flows between two electrodes through an ionized column of gas. This phenomenon is utilized in various applications, including arc welding, arc lamps, and arc furnaces.
History[edit | edit source]
The electric arc was first discovered by Humphry Davy in the early 19th century. Davy demonstrated the arc by using a battery to create a spark between two carbon electrodes. This discovery laid the foundation for the development of arc lighting and other technologies.
Physics of Electric Arcs[edit | edit source]
Electric arcs are characterized by their high temperature and brightness. The arc is sustained by the ionization of gas molecules, which allows current to flow through the gas. The process involves the following steps:
- Ionization: The electric field between the electrodes ionizes the gas, creating free electrons and ions.
- Current Flow: The free electrons accelerate towards the anode, while the ions move towards the cathode, allowing current to flow.
- Recombination: As electrons and ions recombine, they release energy in the form of light and heat.
The temperature of an electric arc can reach up to 20,000 °C, depending on the gas and current used.
Applications[edit | edit source]
Electric arcs are used in various industrial and commercial applications:
- Arc welding: Utilizes the heat of an electric arc to melt and join metals.
- Arc lamps: Produce light by creating an arc between two electrodes, used in projectors and searchlights.
- Arc furnaces: Used in steelmaking to melt scrap metal using the heat from an electric arc.
Safety Considerations[edit | edit source]
Working with electric arcs requires careful safety measures due to the high temperatures and intense light produced. Protective gear, such as welding helmets and gloves, is essential to prevent burns and eye damage.
Also see[edit | edit source]
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| Electromagnetism |
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