Elk

Large species of deer

The elk (Cervus canadensis), also known as the wapiti, is one of the largest species within the deer family and one of the largest terrestrial mammals in North America and East Asia. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the elk, covering its taxonomy, physical characteristics, behavior, habitat, and its role in human culture.

Taxonomy

The elk was long believed to be a subspecies of the red deer (Cervus elaphus), but genetic studies have shown that the two are distinct species. The scientific name of the elk is Cervus canadensis. There are several subspecies of elk, including the Rocky Mountain elk, Roosevelt elk, and Tule elk.

Physical Characteristics

A bull elk in Yellowstone National Park

Elk are characterized by their large size, with males (bulls) typically weighing between 320 to 500 kg (700 to 1,100 lb) and females (cows) weighing 260 to 300 kg (570 to 660 lb). Bulls are noted for their impressive antlers, which can grow up to 1.2 meters (4 feet) in length and are shed each year.

Behavior

Elk are social animals, forming large herds, especially during the winter months. They are primarily grazers, feeding on grasses, plants, leaves, and bark. During the rut, or mating season, bulls compete for the attention of cows through displays of dominance, including bugling and sparring.

Sparring elks during the rut

Habitat

Elk inhabit a variety of ecosystems, including forests, grasslands, and mountainous regions. They are found in North America, from the western United States and Canada to the eastern parts of Asia. In the United States, they are most commonly associated with the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Northwest.

Role in Ecosystem

Elk play a significant role in their ecosystems as both prey and as a keystone species. They influence the structure of vegetation and provide food for predators such as wolves and bears.

Human Interaction

Elks in a human-modified landscape

Elk have been an important resource for humans for thousands of years, providing food, clothing, and tools. Today, they are also a popular game animal and are managed for hunting in many areas. Conservation efforts have been successful in restoring elk populations in areas where they were once extirpated.

Cultural Significance

Elk hold cultural significance for many indigenous peoples in North America, who have traditionally relied on them for sustenance and materials. They are also a symbol of wilderness and are featured in various cultural and artistic expressions.

Related Pages

• Red deer
• Moose
• White-tailed deer
• Caribou