Embryokine

Embryokine is a term used to describe a group of biomolecules that are produced by the embryo and have a role in the regulation of embryogenesis. These molecules can be proteins, peptides, lipids, nucleic acids, or small organic molecules. They are involved in various processes such as cell differentiation, cell proliferation, cell migration, and apoptosis.

Function

Embryokines are crucial for the proper development of the embryo. They act as signaling molecules that guide the differentiation and proliferation of cells. They also play a role in the spatial organization of the embryo, guiding the migration of cells to their correct locations. In addition, they can induce apoptosis, a process of programmed cell death that is necessary for the shaping of certain structures in the embryo.

Types of Embryokines

There are many different types of embryokines, each with its own specific function. Some of the most well-known embryokines include:

• Sonic hedgehog (Shh): This protein is involved in the patterning of the central nervous system, limbs, and face.
• Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs): These proteins are involved in the formation of bone and cartilage.
• Wnt proteins: These proteins are involved in the regulation of cell fate decisions and the patterning of the nervous system.
• Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs): These proteins are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration.

Clinical Significance

Abnormalities in the production or function of embryokines can lead to various congenital disorders. For example, mutations in the gene encoding Sonic hedgehog can cause holoprosencephaly, a severe brain malformation. Similarly, mutations in the genes encoding BMPs can cause various skeletal disorders.

See Also

• Embryogenesis
• Morphogen
• Growth factor
• Cell signaling