Enclosed helmet

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Enclosed Helmet

The Enclosed Helmet is a type of helmet used primarily in the late Middle Ages by knights and men-at-arms. It evolved from earlier helmets such as the Great Helm, offering more comprehensive protection and better visibility and ventilation. The Enclosed Helmet is characterized by its full coverage of the head, face, and often the neck, with only narrow slits for the eyes and mouth or a visor that could be raised or lowered.

History

The development of the Enclosed Helmet can be traced back to the 14th century, as armorers sought to provide better protection for the head in response to the advancements in weaponry and combat techniques. It became particularly popular during the 15th century, a period marked by significant improvements in plate armor design and manufacturing techniques.

Design and Features

The Enclosed Helmet typically featured a rounded or conical top to deflect blows, and a visor that protected the face. The visor could be pierced with holes or slits to allow for better breathing and visibility. Some designs included a bevor, which protected the chin and throat. The helmet was often worn over a padded coif or arming cap to absorb shock and ensure a comfortable fit.

The helmets were made of steel and were part of a knight's suit of armor, designed to match aesthetically and functionally. They were often decorated with crests, coat of arms, and other heraldic symbols to identify the wearer.

Usage

Enclosed Helmets were used in various forms of combat, including tournaments and battlefield engagements. Their design allowed for a balance between protection and functionality, enabling knights to fight effectively while minimizing the risk of head injuries.

Decline

The use of Enclosed Helmets began to decline in the 16th century with the advent of firearms and changes in military tactics. As the effectiveness of plate armor decreased against firearms, the need for heavy, fully enclosed helmets diminished. By the end of the 16th century, lighter, more open helmets became popular, marking the end of the Enclosed Helmet's dominance on the battlefield.

Legacy

Today, Enclosed Helmets are admired for their craftsmanship and historical significance. They are studied by historians, collected by enthusiasts, and displayed in museums around the world. Replicas are also made for reenactments, providing a tangible link to the knights of the Middle Ages.