Enterovirus 71

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a virus of the Picornaviridae family, known to cause severe disease in humans. It is one of the most common causes of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), and can also cause severe neurological disease.

Overview

Electron micrograph of Enterovirus 71

EV71 was first isolated and characterized in California in 1969. It is one of over 100 types of enteroviruses that affect humans, causing a variety of illnesses. EV71 is a non-enveloped virus, meaning it does not have a lipid bilayer surrounding its capsid.

Transmission

EV71 is primarily transmitted through direct contact with the nasal secretions, saliva, feces, and blister fluid of an infected person. It can also be spread through the aerosol route when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

Symptoms and Complications

The majority of EV71 infections are mild and self-limiting. Symptoms typically include fever, rash, and small, painful sores in the mouth (herpangina). However, in some cases, EV71 can cause severe neurological disease, including aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, and acute flaccid paralysis. Severe EV71 infections can be life-threatening.

Prevention and Treatment

There is currently no specific antiviral treatment for EV71. Management of the disease is primarily supportive, focusing on relieving symptoms and preventing complications. Vaccines against EV71 are in development, with some showing promise in early trials.

See Also

• Hand, foot and mouth disease
• Picornaviridae
• Virus