Environment of India

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== Environment of India ==

The environment of India comprises a diverse range of ecosystems, including forests, grasslands, wetlands, deserts, coastal and marine ecosystems. India is one of the megadiverse countries in the world, hosting a significant portion of the world's biodiversity.

Geography and Climate[edit | edit source]

India's geography is marked by a variety of landscapes, from the Himalayas in the north to the Indian Ocean in the south. The country experiences a wide range of climates, from the tropical climate of the southern regions to the alpine climate in the northern mountains. The monsoon season, which typically lasts from June to September, plays a crucial role in the country's agriculture and water resources.

Biodiversity[edit | edit source]

India is home to several biodiversity hotspots, including the Western Ghats, the Eastern Himalayas, and the Indo-Burma region. The country hosts a wide array of flora and fauna, including several endangered species such as the Bengal tiger, the Indian elephant, and the Asiatic lion. The Sundarbans mangrove forest is a notable habitat for the Royal Bengal tiger.

Environmental Issues[edit | edit source]

India faces numerous environmental challenges, including air pollution, water pollution, deforestation, and climate change. Major cities like Delhi and Mumbai often experience severe air quality issues. The Ganges River and other major water bodies suffer from significant pollution levels due to industrial discharge and untreated sewage.

Conservation Efforts[edit | edit source]

The Indian government has implemented various policies and programs to address environmental issues. The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change is the primary governmental body responsible for environmental protection. Key initiatives include the National Action Plan on Climate Change, the National Green Tribunal, and various wildlife conservation projects such as Project Tiger and Project Elephant.