Episternal ossicles

Episternal ossicles

Episternal ossicles are small bones that are found in the sternum of some animals. They are also known as presternal bones or episternal bones. These ossicles are typically associated with the pectoral girdle and are thought to play a role in the support and movement of the pectoral fins or forelimbs.

Anatomy

Episternal ossicles are located in the anterior part of the sternum, near the manubrium. They are typically small and round, and are often embedded in the tendons of the pectoral muscles. In some species, the episternal ossicles may be fused to the sternum or to each other, forming a single, larger bone.

Function

The exact function of the episternal ossicles is not fully understood. However, they are thought to play a role in the support and movement of the pectoral fins or forelimbs. They may also serve as attachment points for muscles or ligaments.

Evolution

The presence of episternal ossicles is thought to be a primitive trait, as they are found in many early vertebrates, including fish and amphibians. However, they have been lost in many modern groups, including birds and mammals.

See also

• Ossicle
• Sternum
• Pectoral girdle