Ergonovine

Ergonovine, also known as ergometrine, is a medication and psychoactive drug used to cause contractions of the uterus to treat heavy vaginal bleeding after childbirth. It can be administered orally, intramuscularly, or intravenously. Ergonovine is also used in the management of postpartum hemorrhage, which is the leading cause of maternal death in childbirth.

Medical uses

Ergonovine is primarily used to prevent or treat excessive bleeding following childbirth and during the postpartum period. It acts by directly stimulating the smooth muscle of the uterus, increasing the strength and frequency of uterine contractions. This action helps to reduce blood loss.

Mechanism of action

The drug works by activating adrenergic receptors and serotonin receptors in the uterus, leading to increased uterine muscle tone and contractions. Ergonovine has a direct stimulating effect on the smooth muscle of the uterus.

Side effects

Common side effects of ergonovine include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and increased blood pressure. Severe side effects may include hypertension, seizures, and stroke. It is contraindicated in patients with hypertension, pre-eclampsia, or heart disease.

Pharmacokinetics

Ergonovine is metabolized in the liver and has an elimination half-life of approximately 2 hours. It is excreted primarily through the bile.

History

Ergonovine was discovered in 1935 as part of an effort to identify the active agents in ergot, a fungus that grows on rye and other grains. It has been used since then to manage bleeding after childbirth.

Society and culture

Legal status varies by country, but it is generally available only by prescription. It is classified as a Schedule IV drug under the Controlled Substances Act in the United States.