Eriophyllum

Eriophyllum confertiflorum 2003-04-07

Eriophyllum is a genus of flowering plants in the Asteraceae family, which is known for its diverse species commonly referred to as woolly sunflowers. This genus is native primarily to western North America, with its distribution ranging from Canada through the western United States to Mexico. Eriophyllum species are adapted to a variety of habitats, from coastal bluffs to inland valleys and mountainous regions, showcasing the ecological versatility of the genus.

Description

Eriophyllum species are annual or perennial plants, characterized by their woolly or hairy foliage, which is an adaptation to reduce water loss in arid environments. The leaves can be either simple or pinnately divided. The flowers of Eriophyllum are typically yellow, comprising both ray and disc florets, and are arranged in compact heads that resemble small sunflowers. These plants are important for pollinators, providing nectar and pollen for a variety of insects.

Taxonomy

The taxonomy of Eriophyllum has been subject to revision, with molecular phylogenetic studies helping to clarify the relationships within the genus and with related genera. Eriophyllum is placed within the tribe Heliantheae, a large group within the Asteraceae family that includes sunflowers and their relatives.

Ecology

Eriophyllum species play a significant role in their ecosystems. They are adapted to a range of environmental conditions, from moist coastal areas to dry, rocky inland habitats. Some species are known for their resilience to drought, making them valuable for native plant gardens and restoration projects aimed at creating sustainable landscapes. The flowers attract a variety of pollinators, including bees and butterflies, which are crucial for the reproduction of many plants and the health of ecosystems.

Conservation

While some species of Eriophyllum are common and widespread, others are rare and face threats from habitat loss, invasive species, and climate change. Conservation efforts for these plants include habitat protection, seed banking, and the use of Eriophyllum species in native plant restoration projects.

Uses

In addition to their ecological value, Eriophyllum species are sometimes used in horticulture for their attractive flowers and drought-tolerant characteristics. They can be found in native plant gardens, xeriscapes, and as part of natural landscaping projects aimed at conserving water and supporting local wildlife.

Selected Species

• Eriophyllum confertiflorum (Golden yarrow)
• Eriophyllum lanatum (Common woolly sunflower)
• Eriophyllum staechadifolium (Lizard tail)

See Also

• Asteraceae
• Pollination
• Conservation biology
• Horticulture
• Xeriscaping