Erythema infectiosum

Erythema infectiosum is a viral infection that primarily affects children and is caused by parvovirus B19. It is also known as fifth disease due to its historical classification as the fifth of the classical childhood skin rashes or exanthems.

Symptoms

The initial symptoms of erythema infectiosum are similar to those of a common cold, including fever, runny nose, and headache. After a few days, a red rash may appear on the cheeks, giving the appearance of a slapped cheek. This is followed by a lacy, red rash on the arms, legs, and trunk. The rash may itch, but it is usually mild and goes away in seven to ten days.

Transmission

Erythema infectiosum is transmitted through respiratory secretions, such as saliva, sputum, or nasal mucus, when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can also be transmitted through blood or blood products, and from a pregnant woman to her baby.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of erythema infectiosum is usually based on the characteristic appearance of the rash. In some cases, a blood test may be done to detect antibodies to parvovirus B19.

Treatment

There is no specific treatment for erythema infectiosum. Treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms, such as fever and itching. Over-the-counter medications, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can be used to reduce fever and relieve discomfort. Itching can be relieved with topical creams or lotions.

Prevention

Prevention of erythema infectiosum involves good hygiene practices, such as frequent hand washing, not sharing eating utensils, and covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing. There is currently no vaccine available to prevent parvovirus B19 infection.

See also

• Exanthem
• Parvovirus B19
• Fever
• Rash

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