Ethylsarin

Ethylsarin (also known as O-Ethyl S-Methylphosphonothioate) is a chemical compound and a nerve gas that is considered a weapon of mass destruction. It is a variant of the deadly nerve gas sarin, but with an ethyl group replacing the isopropyl group.

Chemical Structure and Properties

Ethylsarin has the chemical formula C_5H_12FO_2PS. It is a colorless, odorless liquid that is soluble in water and organic solvents. The compound is highly toxic and can be lethal in small amounts. It works by inhibiting the action of acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter in the nervous system. This leads to an accumulation of acetylcholine, causing overstimulation of muscles and glands, which can result in symptoms such as convulsions, paralysis, respiratory failure, and death.

Synthesis

The synthesis of ethylsarin involves the reaction of methylphosphonyl difluoride with ethanol in the presence of a base. This produces ethyl methylphosphonofluoridate, which is then reacted with hydrogen sulfide to produce ethylsarin.

Use and Regulation

Ethylsarin is classified as a Schedule 1 substance under the Chemical Weapons Convention, which means its production, stockpiling, and use is prohibited for any purpose other than research, medical, pharmaceutical, or protective purposes. It is considered a weapon of mass destruction and its use is a violation of international law.

Health Effects

Exposure to ethylsarin can cause a range of symptoms, from mild to severe, depending on the amount and route of exposure. Symptoms can include difficulty breathing, blurred vision, vomiting, convulsions, and in severe cases, death. Treatment involves removing the victim from the source of exposure, decontaminating the skin and clothing, and administering antidotes such as atropine and pralidoxime.

See Also

• Sarin
• Chemical warfare
• Chemical Weapons Convention
• Nerve gas