Roseola

Roseola (also known as exanthem subitum, sixth disease, and roseola infantum) is a clinical syndrome characterized by three days of high fever that is resolved by a rash. The disease is primarily caused by two human herpesviruses, HHV-6 and HHV-7, both of which are sometimes referred to as Roseolovirus.

Signs and Symptoms

Roseola is most common in children 6 months to 2 years of age, with the average age of infection at around 9 months of age. The disease begins with a sudden high fever (39–40 °C; 102.2-104 °F). This can cause, in some cases, febrile convulsions (also known as febrile seizures or fever fits) due to the sudden rise in body temperature, but in many cases the child appears normal. After a few days the fever subsides, and just as the child appears to be recovering, a red rash appears. This usually begins on the trunk, spreading to the legs and neck. The rash is not itchy and may last 1 to 2 days. In contrast, a child suffering from measles would usually appear more ill, with symptoms of conjunctivitis and a cough, and their rash would affect the face and last for several days.

Cause

Roseola is caused by two human herpesviruses, Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), which are sometimes referred to collectively as Roseolovirus. Other viruses can also cause roseola.

Diagnosis

Roseola is typically diagnosed by the symptoms, particularly the characteristic rash. If the rash is not present, it may be difficult to diagnose since the other symptoms are common in many other diseases.

Treatment

There is no specific treatment for roseola. The disease usually gets better without treatment. However, because of the fever, it is important to prevent dehydration.

Prevention

There is no vaccine for roseola. The best prevention is good hygiene.

See also

• Exanthem
• Herpesviridae
• Human herpesvirus 6
• Human herpesvirus 7

Roseola Resources
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