Exercise bulimia

Exercise bulimia is a subset of the eating disorder bulimia nervosa, where an individual engages in excessive physical exercise in an attempt to burn the calories from food consumed, often to the point of physical harm. Unlike traditional bulimia, where individuals may induce vomiting or use laxatives to control weight, those with exercise bulimia use excessive exercise as their primary means of controlling their body weight and shape. This condition is also known as compulsive exercise, exercise addiction, or anorexia athletica.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The primary symptom of exercise bulimia is an obsession with burning off calories consumed through excessive and compulsive physical activity. Individuals may exercise for hours each day, often ignoring injuries and physical exhaustion. Other symptoms include:

• Anxiety over missed workouts
• Exercising despite illness or injury
• Prioritizing exercise over social, work, or family commitments

Diagnosis of exercise bulimia is challenging as regular physical activity is often viewed positively. However, mental health professionals and physicians may diagnose the condition based on psychological assessments and the individual's attitudes towards exercise, eating, and body image.

Causes

The causes of exercise bulimia are multifaceted and can include genetic, psychological, and sociocultural factors. A high value placed on thinness and physical fitness in many cultures can contribute to its development. Other risk factors include:

• History of eating disorders
• Low self-esteem
• Perfectionist personality traits

Treatment

Treatment for exercise bulimia typically involves a multidisciplinary approach, including psychological therapy, nutritional counseling, and medical monitoring. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is commonly used to address the underlying thought patterns and behaviors contributing to the disorder. In severe cases, medication may be prescribed to treat associated conditions such as anxiety or depression.

Complications

Without treatment, exercise bulimia can lead to serious physical and psychological complications, including:

• Chronic injuries or overuse injuries
• Osteoporosis
• Heart problems
• Anxiety and depression

Prevention

Preventing exercise bulimia involves promoting healthy attitudes towards exercise and body image. Education about the risks of excessive exercise and the importance of balanced nutrition can help reduce the incidence of this disorder. Encouraging a focus on physical health rather than appearance may also be beneficial.

See Also

• Eating disorders
• Body dysmorphic disorder
• Compulsive behavior