Experimental models of Alzheimer's disease

Experimental Models of Alzheimer's Disease

Cell culture used in Alzheimer's research

Experimental models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are crucial for understanding the pathophysiology of the disease and for developing potential treatments. These models range from in vitro systems to in vivo animal models, each offering unique insights into the mechanisms of AD.

In Vitro Models

In vitro models of Alzheimer's disease primarily involve the use of cell culture systems. These models are essential for studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of AD in a controlled environment.

Primary Neuronal Cultures

Primary neuronal cultures are derived from the central nervous system of rodents, typically from the hippocampus or cortex. These cultures allow researchers to study the effects of amyloid-beta and tau protein on neuronal health and function.

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)

Induced pluripotent stem cells used in Alzheimer's research

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are generated from adult somatic cells and can be differentiated into neurons. iPSCs derived from patients with familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) mutations provide a valuable tool for studying disease-specific cellular phenotypes and for drug screening.

Microphysiological Systems

Microphysiological systems in Alzheimer's research

Microphysiological systems, also known as "organ-on-a-chip" technologies, mimic the microenvironment of human tissues. These systems can be used to model the blood-brain barrier and neuronal networks, providing insights into the complex interactions involved in AD.

In Vivo Models

In vivo models involve the use of animals to study Alzheimer's disease. These models are critical for understanding the systemic effects of AD and for testing potential therapeutic interventions.

Transgenic Mouse Models

Transgenic mouse models are genetically engineered to express human genes associated with Alzheimer's disease, such as the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin genes. These models develop amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, mimicking key pathological features of AD.

Familial Alzheimer's disease mutations

Non-Human Primate Models

Non-human primates, such as rhesus macaques, are used in Alzheimer's research due to their closer genetic and physiological similarities to humans. These models are valuable for studying age-related cognitive decline and for testing the efficacy of potential treatments.

Limitations of Current Models

While experimental models of Alzheimer's disease have provided significant insights, they also have limitations. In vitro models may not fully replicate the complexity of the human brain, and animal models may not accurately reflect human disease progression. Therefore, a combination of models is often used to gain a comprehensive understanding of AD.

Related Pages

• Alzheimer's disease
• Amyloid-beta
• Tau protein
• Neurodegenerative disease