Neurodegeneration

Neurodegeneration is the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, including death of neurons. Many neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease occur as a result of neurodegenerative processes. Such diseases are incurable, resulting in progressive degeneration and/or death of neuron cells. As research progresses, many similarities appear that relate these diseases to one another on a sub-cellular level. Discovering these similarities offers hope for therapeutic advances that could ameliorate many diseases simultaneously. There are many parallels between different neurodegenerative disorders including atypical protein assemblies as well as induced cell death.

Parasagittal MRI of human head in patient with benign familial macrocephaly prior to brain injury

Causes

Neurodegeneration can be found in many different levels of neuronal circuitry ranging from molecular to systemic.

Signs and symptoms

Symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases can vary greatly. They can include memory loss, forgetfulness, and the inability to move (motor symptoms).

Mechanisms

The mechanism of neurodegeneration is not well understood. There are, however, many different types of neurodegenerative diseases, and they can be classified based on what part of the neuron is primarily affected.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases can be difficult due to the overlap of clinical features.

Treatment

There is no known cure for neurodegenerative diseases. Treatment options for neurodegenerative diseases are limited and often focus on slowing disease progression and managing symptoms.

Research

Research into neurodegenerative diseases is ongoing and includes a variety of approaches, from studying the genetics of these diseases to finding new treatments.

See also

• Neurodegenerative disease
• Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation
• Neurodegeneration in diabetes

External links

• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

Neurodegeneration Resources
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