Extended cycle combined hormonal contraceptive

Extended cycle combined hormonal contraceptive (ECC) is a type of birth control that extends the length of the menstrual cycle beyond the typical 28 days. This method of contraception involves the use of both estrogen and progestin, two hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle and prevent ovulation.

Mechanism of Action

ECCs work by delivering steady levels of estrogen and progestin to the body, which suppresses the release of gonadotropin hormones. This suppression prevents the ovaries from releasing an egg, thereby preventing ovulation. In addition, ECCs thicken the cervical mucus, making it more difficult for sperm to reach the egg, and thin the lining of the uterus, making it less likely for a fertilized egg to implant and develop.

Types of Extended Cycle Combined Hormonal Contraceptives

There are several types of ECCs available, including oral contraceptive pills, vaginal rings, and transdermal patches. These methods differ in their delivery of hormones, but all work to extend the menstrual cycle and prevent pregnancy.

Oral Contraceptive Pills

Extended cycle oral contraceptive pills are taken daily for a longer period than traditional 28-day cycle pills. These pills typically come in 91-day packs, with 84 active pills and 7 inactive or low-dose pills.

Vaginal Rings

Extended cycle vaginal rings are flexible, plastic rings that are inserted into the vagina and left in place for three weeks at a time. The ring releases a steady dose of hormones into the body, and is replaced with a new ring every four weeks.

Transdermal Patches

Extended cycle transdermal patches are applied to the skin and deliver a steady dose of hormones through the skin and into the bloodstream. The patch is replaced once a week for three weeks, followed by a patch-free week.

Benefits and Risks

The primary benefit of ECCs is the reduction in the number of menstrual periods a woman experiences each year. This can be beneficial for women who experience heavy or painful periods, or who simply prefer to have fewer periods.

However, ECCs also carry risks, including an increased risk of blood clots, stroke, and heart attack. These risks are higher in women who smoke, are over 35, or have certain medical conditions.

See Also

• Birth control
• Menstrual cycle
• Oral contraceptive pill
• Vaginal ring
• Transdermal patch