External genitalia

External genitalia refers to the sex organs that are visible on the outside of the body. These organs are involved in sexual reproduction and urination. In males, the external genitalia include the penis and the scrotum, while in females, they include the vulva and the clitoris.

Male External Genitalia

The male external genitalia consist of the penis and the scrotum. The penis is the male organ for sexual intercourse. It has three parts: the root, which attaches to the wall of the abdomen; the body, or shaft; and the glans, which is the cone-shaped end of the penis. The urethra runs through the center of the penis, allowing the passage of urine and semen.

The scrotum is a pouch of skin and muscle that contains the testes. The scrotum's primary function is to maintain the temperature of the testes slightly below body temperature, which is necessary for sperm production.

Female External Genitalia

The female external genitalia are collectively referred to as the vulva. The vulva includes the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vestibular bulbs, vulval vestibule, urinary meatus, greater and lesser vestibular glands, and the vaginal opening.

The clitoris is a small, sensitive organ located at the top of the vulva. It is covered by a fold of skin called the clitoral hood. The clitoris is the primary source of female sexual pleasure and has more nerve endings than any other part of the human body.

Development of External Genitalia

The development of the external genitalia occurs during the fetal period. Both male and female external genitalia originate from the same tissue in the embryo. The differentiation into male or female genitalia depends on the presence of certain hormones. In the absence of these hormones, the genitalia will develop along the female line.

Health and Hygiene

Proper hygiene of the external genitalia is important for preventing infections and maintaining overall health. This includes regular washing and, in some cultures, the removal of pubic hair. It's also important to be aware of any changes in the external genitalia, such as lumps or changes in color, as these could be signs of a health problem.