Facet cyst

Facet cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops in the facet joints of the spine. These cysts are typically associated with degenerative changes in the spine and can cause spinal stenosis or nerve root compression, leading to pain and other neurological symptoms.

Anatomy and Pathophysiology

The facet joints are synovial joints located between the vertebrae in the spine. They provide stability and allow for flexibility and movement. Over time, these joints can undergo degenerative changes due to osteoarthritis, leading to the formation of facet cysts. These cysts are filled with synovial fluid and can expand, causing pressure on adjacent nerve roots or the spinal cord.

Symptoms

The symptoms of a facet cyst can vary depending on its size and location. Common symptoms include:

• Lower back pain or neck pain
• Radiculopathy, which is pain that radiates along the path of a nerve
• Numbness or tingling in the extremities
• Muscle weakness
• Difficulty with mobility and balance

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a facet cyst typically involves a combination of:

• Medical history and physical examination
• Imaging studies such as MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) or CT scan (Computed Tomography)
• X-rays to assess the extent of degenerative changes in the spine

Treatment

Treatment options for facet cysts may include:

• Conservative management with physical therapy, pain medication, and anti-inflammatory drugs
• Epidural steroid injections to reduce inflammation and pain
• Aspiration of the cyst to remove the fluid
• Surgical intervention such as decompression surgery or facet joint fusion in severe cases

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with facet cysts varies. Many people experience relief with conservative treatments, while others may require surgical intervention. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for preventing complications and improving outcomes.

Related Pages

• Facet joint
• Spinal stenosis
• Degenerative disc disease
• Osteoarthritis
• Radiculopathy
• Spinal cord