Factor v

Factor V is a protein of the coagulation system, usually existing as a molecule composed of a single chain, that is involved in the blood clotting process. It is one of the critical proteins in the coagulation cascade, which is a series of reactions that ultimately leads to the formation of a clot. Factor V is converted to its active form (Factor Va) by the action of either of two enzymes, thrombin or Factor Xa.

Function

Factor V is a crucial component of the prothrombinase complex, which includes Factor Va, Factor Xa, calcium ions, and phospholipids. This complex catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin, a protein produced by the liver and released into the bloodstream, to thrombin. Thrombin, in turn, catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, the protein strands that form the basic structure of a blood clot.

Genetics

The gene for Factor V is located on the first chromosome (1q23). Mutations in this gene can lead to either an increase or decrease in the function of Factor V, leading to a predisposition to either bleeding or clotting disorders.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the Factor V gene can lead to a variety of conditions. The most common mutation is known as Factor V Leiden, which results in a form of Factor V that is resistant to inactivation by activated protein C. This leads to an increased risk of venous thrombosis.

Other mutations can lead to a decrease in the function of Factor V, resulting in a condition known as Factor V deficiency or parahemophilia. This is a rare bleeding disorder that can lead to symptoms such as nosebleeds, easy bruising, and in severe cases, bleeding into the joints or internal organs.

See also

• Coagulation
• Thrombin
• Prothrombin
• Fibrin
• Factor V Leiden
• Factor V deficiency

References

Factor v Resources
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