Fallen arches

Fallen arches

Fallen arches, also known as flat feet or pes planus, is a condition in which the arches of the foot collapse, with the entire sole of the foot coming into complete or near-complete contact with the ground. An estimated 20-30% of the general population has an arch that is considered lower than normal, though it is not always a cause for concern.

Causes

Fallen arches can be caused by a variety of factors. These include:

• Genetic predisposition: Some individuals are born with less developed arches.
• Aging: The tendons supporting the arch can weaken over time.
• Injury: Damage to the foot or ankle can lead to fallen arches.
• Obesity: Excessive weight can put additional pressure on the arches, leading to their collapse.
• Pregnancy: Hormonal changes and weight gain during pregnancy can temporarily weaken the arch.
• Medical conditions: Certain conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and muscular dystrophy, can affect the foot structure.

Symptoms

Symptoms of fallen arches may include:

• Pain in the feet, especially in the arch and heel areas
• Swelling along the inside of the ankle
• Difficulty standing on tiptoe
• Feet pointing outward more than usual
• Back and leg pain

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of fallen arches typically involves a physical examination of the foot. A healthcare provider may observe the feet from the front and back, ask the patient to stand on their toes, and examine the wear pattern on the patient's shoes. In some cases, imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs may be recommended to assess the severity of the condition and rule out other issues.

Treatment

Treatment for fallen arches depends on the severity of the condition and the presence of symptoms. Options may include:

• Orthotic devices: Custom or over-the-counter arch supports can help distribute pressure more evenly.
• Stretching exercises: Exercises to stretch the Achilles tendon and strengthen foot muscles can provide relief.
• Supportive shoes: Shoes with good arch support and a slightly raised heel can reduce stress on the arch.
• Weight management: For overweight individuals, weight loss can reduce the strain on the arches.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to correct the structure of the foot.

Prevention

Preventive measures for fallen arches are limited, especially in cases related to genetics or medical conditions. However, maintaining a healthy weight, wearing supportive footwear, and engaging in exercises that strengthen the foot and ankle can help mitigate the risk of developing fallen arches.