Fas receptor

Fas receptor (also known as APO-1 or CD95) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAS gene. The Fas receptor is a death receptor on the surface of cells that leads to programmed cell death (apoptosis). It is one of two apoptosis pathways, the other being the mitochondrial pathway.

Structure

The Fas receptor is a type of protein that is typically found on the surface of cells. It is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. The receptor is composed of three cysteine-rich extracellular domains, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic death domain.

Function

The primary function of the Fas receptor is to induce apoptosis, or programmed cell death. This is achieved through the formation of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), which includes the Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD) and caspase-8.

Role in disease

Mutations in the FAS gene can result in various disorders, including autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS), a rare inherited disorder of the immune system, and certain types of cancer. In addition, the Fas receptor has been implicated in the progression of HIV and AIDS.

Therapeutic potential

Due to its role in apoptosis, the Fas receptor is a potential target for therapeutic intervention in diseases where cell death is a factor. This includes conditions such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases.

See also

• Apoptosis
• Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor
• Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
• HIV
• AIDS