Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis

Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (FVR) is a severe upper respiratory infection caused by the feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1), which is a member of the family Herpesviridae. This disease is highly contagious among cats, especially in environments where cats are in close quarters, such as catteries, shelters, and multi-cat households. FVR primarily affects the nose, throat, and eyes, and is characterized by symptoms such as sneezing, nasal congestion, conjunctivitis, and in severe cases, corneal ulcers.

Etiology[edit | edit source]

FVR is caused by feline herpesvirus 1, a virus that is specific to cats and does not infect humans. FHV-1 is spread through direct contact with infected secretions or aerosols, as well as through contact with contaminated objects, such as food dishes, bedding, or human hands. Once infected, cats can become carriers of the virus, with the potential to shed the virus during periods of stress or illness, even if they do not show any clinical signs.

Clinical Signs[edit | edit source]

The clinical signs of FVR can vary from mild to severe and typically develop 2-5 days after exposure to the virus. Common symptoms include:

Sneezing
Nasal congestion and discharge
Conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva)
Ocular discharge
Lethargy
Fever
Loss of appetite
Ulceration of the cornea in severe cases

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of FVR is primarily based on clinical signs and medical history. Laboratory tests, such as virus isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and serology, can be used to confirm the diagnosis. However, these tests may not distinguish between active infection and carrier status.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

There is no cure for FVR, but the symptoms can be managed with supportive care. Treatment may include:

Antiviral medications for severe cases
Antibiotics to prevent or treat secondary bacterial infections
Eye drops or ointments for conjunctivitis
Nasal decongestants
Fluid therapy for dehydrated cats
Nutritional support

It is important to isolate infected cats to prevent the spread of the virus to other cats.

Prevention[edit | edit source]

Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent FVR. Vaccines are available and are typically administered as part of a combination vaccine that also protects against other common feline diseases. It is important to follow a regular vaccination schedule as recommended by a veterinarian. Additionally, reducing stress and avoiding overcrowded conditions can help minimize the risk of infection.

Prognosis[edit | edit source]

The prognosis for cats with FVR is generally good with appropriate treatment, although some cats may become chronic carriers of the virus. These carriers may experience recurrent episodes of the disease, especially during periods of stress.