Fluorosis (disambiguation)

Fluorosis is a pathological condition resulting from excessive exposure to fluoride during tooth and bone development. It can be categorized into two types: Dental fluorosis and Skeletal fluorosis.

Dental Fluorosis

Dental fluorosis is a developmental disturbance of dental enamel caused by excessive exposure to high concentrations of fluoride during tooth development. The risk of fluoride overexposure occurs at any age but it is higher at younger ages. In its mild form, it often appears as tiny white streaks or specks in the enamel of the tooth. In severe cases, it can cause the tooth's enamel to become discolored and rough.

Skeletal Fluorosis

Skeletal fluorosis is a bone disease caused by excessive accumulation of fluoride in the bones. In advanced cases, skeletal fluorosis can cause painful damage to bones and joints, and lead to a stiffening of joints and crippling. The early symptoms of skeletal fluorosis, include stiffness and pain in the joints.

Causes

Fluorosis is caused by an excessive intake of fluoride, which can occur through drinking water, food, air, and drugs. The World Health Organization (WHO) has set the maximum permissible limit of fluoride in drinking water at 1.5 mg/L.

Prevention and Treatment

Prevention of fluorosis primarily involves limiting the intake of fluoride to safe levels. This can be achieved by using alternative sources for food and water that are low in fluoride. Treatment of fluorosis depends on the severity of the condition. Dental fluorosis is usually treated by a dentist who may perform procedures to remove or cover the discoloration.

See Also

• Fluoride
• Dental fluorosis
• Skeletal fluorosis
• World Health Organization