Fogou

Carneuny

Fogou is an architectural term referring to an underground, usually prehistoric, structure found in Cornwall, England. The term is derived from the Cornish language word fogo, meaning cave. Fogous are closely related to Souterrains, which are found throughout Celtic regions in Europe, including Scotland (where they are known as earth houses), Ireland (where they are known as souterrains), and Brittany in France. These structures are believed to date back to the Iron Age (around 500 BC to AD 43) and are thought to have been used for a variety of purposes, including storage, habitation, and as a refuge against raiders.

Description

A typical fogou consists of a long, narrow, stone-lined and covered passage, which leads underground. The construction involves large slabs of stone for the walls and roof, often covered with earth to create a mound. Some fogous have chambers or side passages. The entrances are usually low and narrow, requiring one to stoop or crawl to enter. The interior can be surprisingly spacious, with some passages extending over 20 meters in length.

Purpose and Function

The exact purpose of fogous remains a subject of debate among archaeologists. Theories include their use as storage silos, to protect food supplies from raiders and pests; as places of refuge during attacks; or even as ritual or ceremonial sites. The constant temperature provided by the underground construction would have been ideal for storing perishable goods. However, the effort required to construct these structures suggests they also held significant importance beyond practical uses, possibly serving a ceremonial or community function.

Examples

One of the most well-known fogous is Halliggye Fogou on the Trelowarren estate in Cornwall. It is the largest and best-preserved fogou in Cornwall. Other notable examples include Carn Euny and Bosporthennis Fogou. These sites often form part of larger ancient settlements, indicating their importance within the community.

Archaeological Significance

Fogous provide valuable insights into the life and society of Iron Age communities in Cornwall. Their construction demonstrates advanced engineering skills and a sophisticated understanding of the landscape. Archaeological excavations of fogous have yielded artifacts that help to date these structures and give clues about their use. However, much about these intriguing structures remains a mystery, making them a focal point for ongoing research and study.

Preservation and Tourism

Many fogous are protected as Scheduled Monuments, recognizing their historical and cultural significance. Some are accessible to the public and form part of the heritage tourism in Cornwall, offering visitors a unique glimpse into the region's prehistoric past.

See Also

• Souterrain
• Iron Age Britain
• Celtic Fortifications
• History of Cornwall