Functional neurological disorder
Functional Neurological Disorder Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) is a condition characterized by neurological symptoms that cannot be explained by a neurological disease or other medical condition. These symptoms are real and can cause significant distress and impairment in daily functioning.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
FND can present with a variety of symptoms, which may include:
- Motor Symptoms: These can include weakness, tremors, or abnormal movements such as jerks or spasms. Motor symptoms
- Sensory Symptoms: Patients may experience numbness, tingling, or pain. Sensory symptoms
- Seizures: Known as non-epileptic seizures, these resemble epileptic seizures but do not have the same electrical activity in the brain. Seizures
- Speech and Swallowing Difficulties: Some individuals may have trouble speaking or swallowing. Speech disorders
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosing FND involves a thorough clinical assessment. It is important to rule out other neurological conditions. The diagnosis is often made by a neurologist based on the presence of positive signs that are inconsistent with other neurological diseases.
Diagnostic Criteria[edit | edit source]
The diagnosis of FND is based on specific criteria, including:
- The presence of one or more symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory function.
- Clinical findings that provide evidence of incompatibility between the symptom and recognized neurological or medical conditions.
- The symptom or deficit is not better explained by another medical or mental disorder.
Causes[edit | edit source]
The exact cause of FND is not well understood, but it is believed to be a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors. Stressful life events, trauma, and psychological stress are often associated with the onset of symptoms.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment for FND is multidisciplinary and may include:
- Physical Therapy: To help improve movement and function. Physical therapy
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): To address any psychological factors and help manage symptoms. Cognitive behavioral therapy
- Medication: While there is no specific medication for FND, medications may be used to treat associated symptoms such as pain or anxiety. Medication
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for individuals with FND varies. Some people experience significant improvement with treatment, while others may have persistent symptoms. Early diagnosis and intervention are associated with better outcomes.
See Also[edit | edit source]
External Links[edit | edit source]
- [Functional Neurological Disorder Society](https://www.fndsociety.org/)
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
NIH genetic and rare disease info[edit source]
Functional neurological disorder is a rare disease.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
