Funduscopy

Funduscopy is a medical examination that involves inspecting the interior surface of the eye, including the retina, optic disc, macula, and posterior pole (fundus). This examination is crucial in diagnosing and monitoring various eye conditions and diseases, such as glaucoma, retinal detachment, and diabetic retinopathy.

Procedure

The procedure of funduscopy is typically performed by an ophthalmologist or optometrist using an instrument called an ophthalmoscope. The patient's pupils are usually dilated with eye drops to allow a better view of the eye's interior. The examiner then shines a bright light into the eye and observes the reflected light off the inner surface.

Types of Funduscopy

There are two main types of funduscopy: direct and indirect.

Direct Funduscopy

In direct funduscopy, the examiner uses a handheld device to shine a light through a small lens. This method provides a highly magnified, but limited, view of the retina.

Indirect Funduscopy

Indirect funduscopy involves the use of a head-mounted or handheld light source and a small handheld lens. This method provides a wider view of the retina but with less magnification.

Clinical Significance

Funduscopy is an essential tool in diagnosing and monitoring a variety of eye diseases and conditions. These include:

• Glaucoma: Characterized by damage to the optic nerve, often due to high intraocular pressure.
• Retinal Detachment: A medical emergency where the retina is pulled away from its normal position.
• Diabetic Retinopathy: Damage to the blood vessels of the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye (retina).
• Macular Degeneration: A disease that blurs the sharp, central vision needed for "straight-ahead" activities such as reading, sewing, and driving.

See Also

• Ophthalmology
• Optometry
• Eye Examination

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