Fusarium moniliforme

Fusarium moniliforme is a fungus that is widely distributed in nature and is often associated with plants and plant products. It is a member of the Fusarium genus, a group of fungi that are common in soil and are associated with a variety of plant diseases.

Taxonomy

Fusarium moniliforme was first described by the German mycologist Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link in 1809. The species name "moniliforme" refers to the bead-like appearance of the fungus in culture. It is now more commonly referred to as Fusarium verticillioides, following a taxonomic revision in the late 20th century.

Morphology

Fusarium moniliforme is characterized by its production of microconidia and macroconidia, which are asexual spores. The microconidia are typically oval or kidney-shaped, while the macroconidia are sickle-shaped and have a distinct foot cell at the base.

Ecology

Fusarium moniliforme is a saprophyte, meaning it obtains its nutrients from dead or decaying organic matter. It is commonly found in soil and on decaying plant material. It is also a common endophyte, living within healthy plant tissues without causing disease.

Pathogenicity

Fusarium moniliforme is a significant plant pathogen, causing diseases such as Fusarium ear rot in maize and Fusarium wilt in a variety of other crops. It produces a number of mycotoxins, including fumonisins, which can contaminate crops and pose a risk to human and animal health.

Control

Control of Fusarium moniliforme in agricultural settings typically involves a combination of crop rotation, use of resistant varieties, and application of fungicides.

See also

• Fusarium oxysporum
• Fusarium graminearum
• Fusarium wilt
• Fusarium ear rot