Fusobacteriota

A phylum of bacteria

Overview

Fusobacteriota is a phylum of Gram-negative bacteria that are anaerobic and non-spore forming. These bacteria are known for their spindle-shaped morphology and are commonly found in the human oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and other mucosal surfaces. They play a significant role in human health and disease, particularly in periodontal disease and other infections.

Characteristics

Fusobacteriota are characterized by their elongated, spindle-shaped cells. They are obligate anaerobes, meaning they thrive in environments devoid of oxygen. The cell wall structure of Fusobacteriota is typical of Gram-negative bacteria, with a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides.

Pathogenicity

Fusobacteriota are associated with various human diseases. They are implicated in periodontal disease, where they contribute to the formation of dental plaque and inflammation of the gums. Additionally, some species, such as Fusobacterium necrophorum, are known to cause Lemierre's syndrome, a rare but serious condition characterized by thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein.

Ecological Role

In the human body, Fusobacteriota are part of the normal microbiota of the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. They play a role in maintaining the balance of microbial communities and can influence the host's immune response. However, when the balance is disrupted, they can become opportunistic pathogens.

Species

The phylum Fusobacteriota includes several genera, with Fusobacterium being the most well-known. Other genera include Leptotrichia and Sneathia. Each genus contains multiple species, some of which are pathogenic to humans.

Research and Clinical Implications

Research into Fusobacteriota has increased due to their association with various diseases. Understanding their role in the human microbiome and their pathogenic mechanisms is crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies. Studies have also explored the potential link between Fusobacteriota and colorectal cancer, suggesting that these bacteria may influence tumor development and progression.

Related pages

• Bacteria
• Microbiota
• Periodontal disease
• Lemierre's syndrome

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  Fusobacterium novum