GABA receptor antagonist

GABA receptor antagonist

A GABA receptor antagonist is a drug that inhibits the action of GABA, the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. This class of drugs is divided into two categories: competitive antagonists, which compete with GABA for receptor sites, and noncompetitive antagonists, which modify the GABA receptor to decrease its affinity for GABA.

Mechanism of action

GABA receptor antagonists work by binding to GABA receptors on the surface of neurons. This prevents GABA from binding to these receptors, thereby reducing the inhibitory effects of GABA on neuronal activity. This can lead to an increase in neuronal excitability, which can have various effects depending on the specific neurons involved.

Types of GABA receptor antagonists

There are two main types of GABA receptor antagonists: GABA_A receptor antagonists and GABA_B receptor antagonists.

GABA_A receptor antagonists

[[GABA_A receptor antagonists]] are drugs that inhibit the action of GABA at the GABA_A receptor. This receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel that is activated by GABA, leading to an influx of chloride ions into the neuron and a subsequent decrease in neuronal excitability. Examples of GABA_A receptor antagonists include bicuculline and picrotoxin.

GABA_B receptor antagonists

[[GABA_B receptor antagonists]] are drugs that inhibit the action of GABA at the GABA_B receptor. This receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor that is activated by GABA, leading to a decrease in neuronal excitability. Examples of GABA_B receptor antagonists include saclofen and phaclofen.

Clinical uses

GABA receptor antagonists have a variety of clinical uses. They are used in the treatment of various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including epilepsy, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia. They are also used in the treatment of insomnia and other sleep disorders.

Side effects

The side effects of GABA receptor antagonists can include insomnia, anxiety, agitation, and seizures. These side effects are generally dose-dependent and can be minimized by starting with a low dose and gradually increasing the dose as tolerated.

See also

• GABA receptor agonist
• GABA reuptake inhibitor
• GABA modulator