Gain-of-function research

Gain-of-function research (GoF research or GoFR) involves the genetic alteration of organisms in a way that enhances the biological functions of gene products. This research is intended to identify targets for predicting emerging infectious diseases and developing vaccines and therapeutics.

Definition

GoFR can include changes to pathogenesis, transmissibility, or host range (the types of hosts a microorganism can infect). For example, if a mutation were introduced to allow influenza B, which can only infect humans and harbor seals, to infect rabbits in a controlled laboratory situation, this would be considered a gain-of-function experiment as the virus did not previously have that function.

Purpose and Applications

The primary goal of GoFR is to better understand disease-causing agents, their potential to cause pandemics, and how they can be effectively controlled. Applications include:

• Epidemiological studies to predict and counter potential pandemics
• Development of vaccines and therapeutics
• Understanding the genetic basis of microbial pathogenesis

Controversy and Ethical Concerns

Despite its potential benefits, GoFR raises ethical and safety concerns, particularly regarding the risk of accidental release or misuse of potentially dangerous pathogens. Therefore, it is heavily regulated and subject to both national and international oversight.

See Also

• Pathogenesis
• Epidemiology
• Vaccine
• Therapeutic
• Microorganism