Galcanezumab

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Galcanezumab is a monoclonal antibody used for the prevention of migraine and the treatment of cluster headaches. It is marketed under the brand name Emgality. Galcanezumab works by targeting and inhibiting the activity of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a molecule involved in the pathophysiology of migraine.

Medical Uses

Galcanezumab is primarily used for:

• The prevention of migraine in adults.
• The treatment of episodic cluster headaches in adults.

Mechanism of Action

Galcanezumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to CGRP, a neuropeptide that plays a crucial role in the transmission of pain and the dilation of blood vessels in the brain. By inhibiting CGRP, galcanezumab helps to reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks and cluster headaches.

Administration

Galcanezumab is administered via subcutaneous injection. The typical dosage for migraine prevention is an initial loading dose followed by monthly maintenance doses. For cluster headaches, the dosage and frequency may vary based on the severity and frequency of the attacks.

Side Effects

Common side effects of galcanezumab include:

• Injection site reactions (pain, redness, swelling)
• Constipation
• Dizziness

Serious side effects are rare but may include hypersensitivity reactions.

History

Galcanezumab was developed by Eli Lilly and Company. It received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the prevention of migraine in September 2018 and for the treatment of episodic cluster headaches in June 2019.

Research

Ongoing research is exploring the potential of galcanezumab in treating other types of headaches and pain conditions. Clinical trials are also investigating its long-term safety and efficacy.

See Also

• Migraine
• Cluster headache
• Monoclonal antibody
• Calcitonin gene-related peptide