Ganirelix acetate

Ganirelix acetate
INN
Drug class
Routes of administration	Subcutaneous injection
Pregnancy category	X
Bioavailability
Metabolism
Elimination half-life	13-16 hours
Excretion	Feces, urine
Legal status	Rx-only
CAS Number	123246-29-7
PubChem	16133804
DrugBank	DB06720
ChemSpider
KEGG	D04064

Ganirelix acetate is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH antagonist) used in assisted reproductive technology to control ovarian hyperstimulation. It is marketed under the brand names Orgalutran and Antagon.

Mechanism of Action

Ganirelix acetate works by competitively binding to gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors in the pituitary gland, thereby inhibiting the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). This suppression prevents premature ovulation during controlled ovarian stimulation, allowing for the collection of mature oocytes for in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Pharmacokinetics

Ganirelix acetate is administered via subcutaneous injection. It has a rapid onset of action, with suppression of LH and FSH occurring within hours of administration. The drug has a half-life of approximately 13 to 16 hours, allowing for once-daily dosing. It is primarily excreted through feces and urine.

Clinical Use

Ganirelix acetate is primarily used in assisted reproductive technology protocols to prevent premature ovulation. It is typically administered in the late follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, following the initiation of gonadotropin therapy. The use of ganirelix acetate allows for better timing of oocyte retrieval and increases the chances of successful fertilization and embryo transfer.

Side Effects

Common side effects of ganirelix acetate include:

• Abdominal pain
• Headache
• Nausea
• Injection site reactions such as redness or swelling

Serious side effects are rare but may include ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), which can be life-threatening if not managed properly.

Contraindications

Ganirelix acetate is contraindicated in individuals with:

• Known hypersensitivity to ganirelix acetate or any of its components
• Known or suspected pregnancy

Pregnancy and Lactation

Ganirelix acetate is classified as pregnancy category X and should not be used during pregnancy. There is no adequate data on the excretion of ganirelix acetate in human milk, and caution should be exercised when administered to nursing women.

Interactions

There are no known significant drug interactions with ganirelix acetate. However, it is important to inform healthcare providers of all medications being taken to avoid potential interactions.

Storage

Ganirelix acetate should be stored at room temperature, away from light and moisture. It should not be frozen.

See Also

• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist
• Assisted reproductive technology
• In vitro fertilization

External Links

• [FDA Drug Information on Ganirelix Acetate]
• [Patient Information Leaflet]