Gastric erosion

Gastric erosion

Gastric erosion refers to the superficial damage or erosion of the stomach's lining. This condition is a type of gastrointestinal mucosal lesion, which, unlike gastric ulcers, does not penetrate deeply into the mucosa. Gastric erosions are significant because they can lead to gastrointestinal bleeding and are associated with various causes, including the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), excessive alcohol consumption, stress, and other medical conditions.

Causes

The primary causes of gastric erosion include:

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Long-term use or high doses of NSAIDs can weaken the stomach's protective lining, making it more susceptible to erosion.
• Alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol intake can irritate and erode the stomach lining.
• Stress: Severe physical stress from illnesses or injuries can lead to stress-related erosions, often seen in hospitalized patients.
• Helicobacter pylori infection: This bacterium can cause inflammation (gastritis) and contribute to the development of gastric erosions and ulcers.
• Other causes: Include Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, chronic vomiting, and certain medications other than NSAIDs.

Symptoms

Symptoms of gastric erosion can vary but may include:

• Nausea
• Vomiting, sometimes with blood
• Gastrointestinal bleeding, evident in black or bloody stools
• Pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen
• Heartburn or acid reflux

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of gastric erosion typically involves:

• Endoscopy: A procedure where a flexible tube with a camera (endoscope) is inserted through the mouth to view the stomach lining.
• Biopsy: During an endoscopy, a small tissue sample may be taken to examine for signs of erosion, inflammation, or infection.
• Medical history and physical examination: To identify potential causes based on medication use, alcohol consumption, and other health conditions.

Treatment

Treatment for gastric erosion focuses on removing the underlying cause and may include:

• Discontinuing or switching NSAIDs: If NSAIDs are the cause, your doctor may recommend stopping them or prescribing a different type of pain reliever.
• Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs): Medications that reduce stomach acid, helping to heal the stomach lining.
• H2 receptor antagonists: Another class of medications that decrease stomach acid.
• Antacids: To neutralize stomach acid and provide quick relief.
• Antibiotics: If an Helicobacter pylori infection is present, a combination of antibiotics may be prescribed to eradicate the bacteria.

Prevention

Preventive measures for gastric erosion include:

• Limiting NSAID use and seeking alternatives for pain management.
• Moderating alcohol consumption.
• Managing stress through relaxation techniques and lifestyle changes.
• Avoiding foods and beverages that irritate the stomach lining, such as spicy foods, caffeine, and acidic drinks.