Genital modification and mutilation

Genital modification and mutilation refers to the practice of permanently or temporarily altering or causing injury to the human genitalia. This practice is found in various cultures across the world, with different motivations and methods.

Types of Genital Modification and Mutilation

Male Genital Modification

Circumcision is the most common form of male genital modification, involving the removal of the foreskin from the penis. This practice is often performed for religious, cultural, or health reasons. Other forms of male genital modification include subincision, supraincision, and genital piercing.

Female Genital Modification

Female genital mutilation (FGM), also known as female circumcision or female genital cutting, involves the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. FGM is internationally recognized as a violation of the human rights of girls and women.

Motivations and Cultural Context

Genital modification and mutilation are often performed for cultural, religious, or social reasons. In some cultures, these practices are seen as rites of passage into adulthood. In others, they are viewed as a means to suppress sexual desire, maintain virginity and fidelity, or adhere to perceived aesthetic standards.

Health Implications

Genital modification and mutilation can have serious health implications. These can include severe pain, hemorrhage, tetanus, sepsis, urine retention, and severe psychological consequences. Long-term complications can include difficulties in childbirth, sexual health issues, and increased risk of HIV infections.

Legal and Ethical Issues

The practice of genital modification and mutilation is considered controversial and is subject to legal and ethical debates. Many international organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations, have called for an end to these practices, particularly FGM, citing human rights violations.

See Also

• Body modification
• Human rights
• Sexual health

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