Genital retraction syndrome

Genital Retraction Syndrome (GRS), also known as Koro Syndrome, is a culture-bound syndrome characterized by an overpowering belief that one's genitalia are retracting and will disappear, despite the lack of any true longstanding changes to the genitals. GRS is also referred to as shrinking penis, and it affects males, primarily in Southeast Asia. There is still ongoing debate in the medical community regarding its classification, but it is generally considered to be a psychiatric disorder.

Symptoms and Causes

The primary symptom of GRS is the overwhelming belief that the genitals are retracting into the body. In men, this is a fear that the penis is shrinking into the body; in women, it is a fear that the nipples are retracting. Other symptoms can include fear of impending death, penis shrinkage and loss of function, and severe anxiety.

The exact cause of GRS is unknown, but it is believed to be influenced by cultural factors, particularly in areas where belief in the supernatural is common. Some researchers believe that GRS is a form of body dysmorphic disorder, a psychiatric condition where a person is excessively concerned about a perceived defect in their physical features.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of GRS is based on the reported symptoms and the absence of a physical cause for the perceived retraction. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) includes GRS in its list of non-substance-induced delirium and other cognitive disorders.

Treatment for GRS typically involves reassurance and psychoeducation, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and sometimes the use of psychiatric medications. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary.

Cultural Aspects

GRS is considered a culture-bound syndrome, as it is primarily found in certain regions of Southeast Asia, including Malaysia and Indonesia, where it is known as "Koro". However, cases have been reported in other parts of the world, including Western societies.

See Also

• Culture-bound syndrome
• Body dysmorphic disorder
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
• Delirium