Koro (disease)

Koro
Synonyms	Genital retraction syndrome, shrinking penis
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Intense anxiety about genital retraction
Complications	Psychological distress, panic
Onset	Sudden
Duration	Varies, often short-term
Types	N/A
Causes	Cultural beliefs, psychological factors
Risks	Cultural and social influences
Diagnosis	Clinical assessment
Differential diagnosis	Body dysmorphic disorder, delusional disorder
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Reassurance, psychotherapy, counseling
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Rare, but more common in certain cultural contexts
Deaths	N/A

Koro is a culture-bound syndrome delusional disorder in which an individual has an overpowering belief that their sex organs are retracting and will disappear, despite the lack of any true longstanding changes to the genitals. Koro is also known as shrinking penis, and it is listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The syndrome occurs worldwide, and mass hysteria of genital-shrinkage anxiety has a history in Africa, Asia, and Europe. In the United States and Europe, the syndrome is commonly known as genital retraction syndrome.

Signs and Symptoms

The primary symptom of the disorder is the overwhelming belief that the genitals (for men) or nipples (for women) are retracting into the body. In men, this is often accompanied by a fear of impotence, while in women, the fear is that the retraction will result in death. Other symptoms can include a perception of alteration of penis shape and loss of penile muscle tone. Anxiety and panic are also common symptoms.

Causes

The exact cause of Koro is unknown. However, it is believed to be related to cultural beliefs, particularly those related to sexuality. Some researchers have suggested that Koro may be a form of body dysmorphic disorder. Other theories suggest that Koro is related to schizophrenia or obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Koro is based on the patient's self-report of genital retraction. There are no specific tests to confirm the diagnosis. However, physical examination and medical history are used to rule out any physical causes of genital retraction.

Treatment

Treatment for Koro typically involves psychotherapy, particularly cognitive-behavioral therapy. This type of therapy helps the individual to understand and change thought patterns that lead to problematic behaviors. In some cases, medication may be used to manage symptoms, particularly if the individual is experiencing severe anxiety or depression.

See Also

• Culture-bound syndrome
• Body dysmorphic disorder
• Schizophrenia
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder