Genomic instability

Genomic instability refers to the high frequency of mutations within the genome of a cellular lineage. These mutations can include changes to the nucleotide sequence, alterations of the number of chromosomes, and rearrangements of the chromosomal structure. Genomic instability is a characteristic feature of many cancers.

Causes

Genomic instability can be caused by a variety of factors, including exposure to radiation or chemicals, errors in DNA replication, and defects in DNA repair mechanisms. Certain genetic disorders, such as Bloom syndrome, Ataxia telangiectasia, and Fanconi anemia, are also associated with increased genomic instability.

Consequences

The consequences of genomic instability can be severe. It can lead to the development of cancer, as well as other diseases and conditions. In cancer, genomic instability can lead to the accumulation of mutations that drive the progression of the disease. It can also contribute to the development of resistance to cancer treatments.

Detection and Measurement

There are several methods for detecting and measuring genomic instability. These include karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). More recently, next-generation sequencing technologies have been used to detect genomic instability at a much higher resolution.

Prevention and Treatment

Preventing genomic instability involves minimizing exposure to factors that can cause DNA damage, such as radiation and certain chemicals. In terms of treatment, strategies are being developed to target cells with high levels of genomic instability. For example, drugs that inhibit the DNA repair enzyme PARP can be used to selectively kill cancer cells with high levels of genomic instability.

See Also

• DNA repair
• Cancer
• Genetic disorders

Genomic instability Resources
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