Geronimo

Apache leader and warrior

Geronimo (June 16, 1829 – February 17, 1909) was a prominent leader and medicine man from the Chiricahua Apache tribe. He is best known for his resistance against the United States' and Mexico's expansion into Apache tribal lands for several decades during the Apache Wars.

Early Life

Geronimo, photographed by Frank Rinehart

Geronimo was born in the upper Gila River country in what is now western New Mexico, then part of Mexico, in 1829. His birth name was Goyaalé, which means "the one who yawns." He was a member of the Bedonkohe band of the Chiricahua Apache.

Apache Wars

Goyaale, known as Geronimo, in 1887

Geronimo's life was marked by the struggle against the encroachment of settlers and the military into Apache lands. The Apache Wars were a series of armed conflicts between the Apache tribes and the United States Army, which lasted from 1849 to 1886. Geronimo became a key leader in these conflicts, known for his daring raids and ability to evade capture.

Conflict with Mexico

Geronimo's animosity towards the Mexican government was fueled by the massacre of his family by Mexican soldiers in 1851. This event deeply affected him and motivated his lifelong resistance against Mexican and later American forces.

Surrender and Imprisonment

Geronimo and his warriors in 1886

In 1886, after years of resistance, Geronimo surrendered to General Nelson A. Miles in Arizona. He was promised that he and his followers would be allowed to return to their homeland, but instead, they were sent to Florida as prisoners of war. Geronimo spent the rest of his life as a prisoner, first in Florida, then in Alabama, and finally at Fort Sill in Oklahoma.

Later Life and Legacy

Geronimo and his warriors

Despite his status as a prisoner, Geronimo became a celebrity in the United States. He appeared at fairs and exhibitions, including the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis, Missouri, and the 1905 inaugural parade of President Theodore Roosevelt.

Charles Bare Gatewood, who played a role in Geronimo's surrender

Geronimo dictated his autobiography, "Geronimo's Story of His Life," in 1905, which provides a personal account of his experiences and perspectives.

Death

Geronimo departing for Florida from Fort Bowie, Arizona, 1895

Geronimo died of pneumonia on February 17, 1909, at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. He was buried in the Apache Indian Prisoner of War Cemetery at Fort Sill.

Cultural Impact

Geronimo's legacy as a symbol of Native American resistance and resilience endures. His name has become synonymous with courage and defiance, and he is remembered as one of the most famous Native American leaders in history.

Related Pages

• Apache Wars
• Chiricahua Apache
• Nelson A. Miles
• Fort Sill