Giant cell glioblastoma

Giant cell glioblastoma (GCG) is a rare and distinct variant of glioblastoma, characterized by the presence of giant cells. It accounts for less than 1% of all glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cases. Despite its histological similarity to the more common GBM, GCG has unique clinical and genetic features that distinguish it from other glioblastoma subtypes.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with GCG often present with symptoms similar to those of other brain tumors, including headaches, seizures, and neurological deficits. The age of onset is typically younger than that of patients with standard GBM, with a median age of 50 years.

Pathology

GCG is characterized by the presence of giant cells, which are significantly larger than normal cells and contain multiple nuclei. These cells are often surrounded by a dense network of blood vessels, which can contribute to the tumor's aggressive growth.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of GCG is typically made through a combination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathology. On MRI, GCG often appears as a heterogeneous mass with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage. Histopathologically, the tumor is characterized by the presence of giant cells and a high degree of cellular atypia.

Treatment

Treatment for GCG typically involves a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Despite its aggressive nature, GCG has a slightly better prognosis than standard GBM, with a median survival time of 18 months compared to 15 months for standard GBM.

Research

Research into GCG is ongoing, with a focus on understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms that drive the formation of giant cells. This research could potentially lead to the development of targeted therapies for GCG.

See Also

• Glioblastoma
• Brain tumor
• Giant cell